Friday, 24 October 2014

QUEL EST LE PLUS GRAND COMMANDEMENT?

Matthew 22,34-40
Jésus continue d’être harcelé de questions piégées. Il est poursuivi inlassablement par ses adversaires. Nous avons vu dimanche dernier comment les pharisiens avaient essayé de le compromettre sur le terrain politique en lui demandant s’il était permis ou non de payer son impôt à César. Dans les versets suivants, Matthieu nous rapporte comment les sadducéens, à leur tour, ont tenté en vain de démontrer que la doctrine de la résurrection soutenue par le Christ était absurde, en l’interrogeant sur le cas de six frères qui ont épousés successivement la femme de leur frère défunt. Et nous en arrivons à ce passage où nous voyons cette fois les pharisiens, par la voix d’un docteur de la Loi, tendre à Jésus un piège bien plus délicat encore.
La question ne vient pas d’une personne sincère qui cherche la vérité, mais de quelqu’un qui veut prendre Jésus au piège. «L’un d’eux lui demanda pour le mettre à l’épreuve», dit le texte : «Maître, dans la Loi, quel est le plus grand Commandement?» Dans sa réponse à cette question, Jésus établit avec clarté la priorité absolue des deux commandements de l’amour de Dieu et de l’amour du prochain.
Premièrement, bien que la question du docteur de la loi ne porte que sur « le » plus grand commandement, Jésus en propose non pas un mais deux et il les unit l’un à l’autre. Le premier de ces deux commandements ne surprend pas les pharisiens : «Tu aimeras le Seigneur ton Dieu de tout ton cœur, de toute ton âme et tout ton esprit.» C’est en toute lettre dans la grande prière juive, celle que l’on récite trois fois par jour, tourné vers Jérusalem. Ensuite, Jésus ajoute un second commandement tiré du Livre de Lévitique: «Tu aimeras ton prochain comme toi-même.» Ce précepte, les pharisiens le connaissent bien lui aussi.
Mais la grande nouveauté, qui a fait scandale auprès de ces Pharisiens, hommes très religieux, c’est de mettre sur le même plan Dieu et le prochain, l’amour de Dieu et l’amour du prochain. Jésus conduit son interlocuteur sur un autre terrain. Il lui montre d’abord que ce qui est important dans la compréhension de la Loi divine, ce n’est pas de chercher à comparer les lois entre elles, mais d’en trouver l’ultime finalité qui est l’Amour. Il rappelle que tous les préceptes de la Loi ne sont bons, et n’ont de sens que s’ils sont mis au service d’une seule et même réalité : l’Amour.
Il n’est donc pas question de choisir entre Dieu et le prochain. On ne peut pas opposer Dieu à l’homme, ni l’homme à Dieu. Il n’y a pas de concurrence entre les deux amours. Il est donc clair qu’on ne peut éliminer un commandement par l’autre. On ne peut pas dire: il suffit d’aimer Dieu ou bien, il suffit d’aimer le prochain. Jésus lui-même dit : «Qui n’aime pas son frère qu’il voit, ne peut pas aimer Dieu qu’il ne voit pas. »
La mesure d’aimer son prochain c’est l’amour qu’on a pour soi. S’aimer soi-même consiste à se laisser habiter par Dieu, se laisser habiter par celui qui est l’Amour même. Et comme notre cœur est bien trop petit pour contenir tout l’amour de Dieu, nous sommes appelé à le laisser déborder, et à partager cette source surabondante d’amour avec ceux qui nous entourent. Alors Aimer Dieu, s’aimer soi-même et aimer son prochain devient un même et unique mouvement de Vie. L’amour n’est plus l’expression d’un vague sentiment, d’une émotion aléatoire, mais la douce présence de l’Esprit même de Dieu au fond de notre cœur. Cela n’est possible que si nous acceptons de sortir de notre narcissisme, de notre égoïsme. Il faut renoncer à rechercher le bonheur dans l’autosatisfaction. Il faut au contraire oser sortir de soi, se déposséder de soi pour se donner à l’autre.
Dans un hôpital, un homme avait rencontré une jeune religieuse qui soignait les plaies d’un lépreux. Il lui dit très sincèrement: «Je ne ferais pas ce genre de travail pour un million de dollars». Et la jeune religieuse lui répondit: «Moi non plus. Mais je le fais par amour pour ce pauvre homme qui est en train de mourir.»


Sunday, 19 October 2014

TO CEASAR WHAT IS CEASAR'S AND TO GOD WHAT IS GOD'S

Matt 22:15-21
A Priest was once asked how he divided with God the money he collected during his church services. “That’s easy, he said. I just throw the money I collected upward. That which goes upward belongs to God. That which goes downward belongs to me.” If we follow the law of gravity, we know that the thing we throw upward will not go upward, it will go down.
"Give to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's." For some politicians and rulers this verse ranks among the most popular verses in the Bible. They will confidently tell you: Didn't the Bible say to give to Caesar what is Caesar's; meaning the whole sphere of civil, economic and social affairs and to God what is God's; meaning the sphere of spiritual affairs? According to this interpretation, human affairs are divided into two areas: the spiritual side which belongs to God and God's ministers, and the secular side which belongs to civil authorities. Does Jesus really teach this kind of dualistic view of human existence?
To understand the full significance of this saying of Jesus we need to consider it in relation to the context in which Jesus said it originally. First of all, we know that the Pharisees are not being honest. They are not looking for the answer to a question. They are looking for a way to get rid of this trouble making Nazarene named Jesus. They wanted to entrap him in what he might say. So they sent their disciples to him, along with the Herodians, saying: Is it lawful to pay taxes to the emperor, or not?" For the Pharisees, if Jesus says YES, the people would reject Him because the Jews hated their foreign rulers and despised paying taxes to Caesar. For the Jews, it is an insult to their religion and a blasphemy against God because they held that only Yahweh is their King. Their nation was a theocracy and to pay taxes to an earthly king was to admit the validity of his kingship and thereby to insult God. On the other hand, if Jesus says NO, the Pharisees would report Him to the Roman government as a revolutionary person or a political troublemaker. The Roman government would then arrest Him and put Him into prison. 
As He does so often in the Scriptures, our Lord leaves His opponents and attackers shocked by His responses. He masterfully recognizes their bad faith, while teaching the truth that they need to hear. Jesus avoided the trap and taught a very important teaching by saying: “Render therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God the things that are God’s.”
What do these popular words of Jesus mean? There is an interesting shift in Jesus' answer that could point us in the direction of the significance of the saying. The question was whether one should give tribute to Caesar. But Jesus' answer spoke of giving back, paying back, as if one already owed something. Instead of answering the direct question, Jesus raises the question to another level, that of the principle of justice as "giving back to everyone what is their due." Jesus seems to be saying that the only binding obligation is that of justice, that of giving back to every person what is due to them. Serving God is basically a matter of justice? If God has given us all that we are and have, then we are bound in justice to give back to God some gratitude, loyalty, and service.
This passage also invites us to ask ourselves: To what, or to whom do I give my loyalty? In other words, have I not created other Gods to whom I give loyalty in my life? Maybe my job, my will, and my personal efforts? I want to be respected, I want to be happy, I want to feel wanted and needed. Remember, you will always need more if you don’t have God.

It is a call to stop a bit and think. Who is my God? To whom or to what do I give my heart, my needs, my emptiness, my will? The greatest enemy of commitment in Christian life is convenient. In our society today gospel values are being removed in order to uphold what is profitable and convenient. When values are gone, then anything is possible. If you remove God from the picture, then even the frame collapses. If you remove God from your heart, from your family, from the nation and from the world, then there will be chaos, disorder and confusion. At this point, let us all ask ourselves: Who is my God? To whom do I give my loyalty?

Thursday, 16 October 2014

LEGALISM EXPOSED

Luke 11:47-54
Once again today’s Gospel speaks about the conflict between Jesus and the religious authorities of his time. Jesus was not always welcome among his people. His life was not easy, neither was it smooth. Today we hear how Jesus chastises the religious leaders, the Pharisees and the scholars for being double-minded and for demanding from ordinary people standards which they refused to satisfy.
In our passage he uses harsh words: “Woe to you who build the memorials of the prophets whom your fathers killed. Woe to you scholars of the law, you have taken away the key of knowledge.” We have to remember that the ordinary Jews depended on these Pharisees and scholars for the interpretation of the Law, because they could not read and write. Pharisees and scholars were the voice of the prophets and even the voice of God to the people. They had power. Unfortunately, they used that power to manipulate the law to forward their own personal agenda.
This phenomenon can happen to us in our society today. It can happen that we use our position, our talents, our knowledge to manipulate others. In our society today, a lot of sins and injustices are being committed in God’s name. Today, we are reminded about our role as prophets. Being a prophet is to comfort the disturbed and to disturbed the comfortable. When we find ourselves comforting the comfortable and disturbing those who are already disturbed, this means we have ceased to be prophets. When we no longer challenge ourselves first and then challenge the people around us to go beyond our comfort zones, then we cease to be prophets.

The original sin was man wanting to be like God; man wanting to have power. And we see traces of this in the power struggles illustrated in the gospel today which is also a common sight in our contemporary society. The perfect remedy to this is of course following Jesus, who was a master but chose to serve, who was a king but chose to be slave, who God but chose to be man all because of love. May we all learn from Jesus to avoid the power that lords over and instead to embrace the power that serves and loves.

Saturday, 4 October 2014

WE ARE THE SERVANTS IN GOD'S VINEYARD

Matt 21:33-43
The parable of today’s gospel depicts God as a landowner who prepared a beautiful vineyard and gave it to his people to tend. When harvest time came, he sent his servants but the tenants killed them all. These tenants wanted not just their share of the harvest, but they wanted the whole thing. Lastly, he sent his son because he presumed that they will respect him, but they killed him too. What is interesting in this parable is that the landowner knew already what was happening and yet he still sent his son. In this parable, it clear that the landowner is God, the vineyard is Israel; the servants are the prophets and the tenants are the Pharisees who rejected and killed the servants.
This parable teaches us a lot about God and how God relates to us. Our God is a God who love us without condition. This parable tells us that in our Christian life, God has prepared a vineyard and has equipped us to work in that vineyard. He is the owner of the vineyard but he entrusts it to us. He does not exercise a police-like supervision. He goes away and leaves us with the work.
First, this parable tells us about God’s generosity for His people. God is generous to His people. He gives us gifts of intelligence and all kinds of talents to work in his vineyard. Second, this parable tells us about God’s patience. The vineyard’s owner sends servants after servants to get his share but the tenants kills them all. And yet he does not come with sudden revenge. He gives them chance after chance to respond to his appeal. God is patient we us.
This parable is also a warning to us Christians; it is a warning for each one of us personally. A warning to understand our Christian life and ask ourselves how committed we are in our life. If being a Christian is just fulfilling minimum obligations like Sunday Mass, receiving Holy Communion then we are not on the right track. Christian life is a way of living. Our Christian life should affect everybody around us.
Many Christians always say: “I have not done anything wrong.” I am a good Christian. This gospel teaches us that Christianity is not just avoiding doing the wrong thing. Christianity is mostly a question of what we have not done that we should have done? Christianity is to lose yourself in the service of the others. Christianity is not passive, it is active. We are the servants in God’s vineyard. And if we take our Christian life simply as coming to mass on Sundays and receiving Holy Communion then we are forgetting one of the purposes of the Eucharist: to show our love for God in our day-to-day life; to fight injustice and to alleviate the miseries of our suffering brothers and sisters. By doing so, we become like God who loves without condition.

So let us then work hard to make our faith produce real fruits of justice and love. 

Friday, 3 October 2014

REJOICE IN THE LORD

Luke 10:17-24
Our gospel today is the conclusion of the mission of the 72 disciples. By this time, they had returned to the company of Jesus, bringing along exciting stories about their success in their missionary activities. They are excited to share these stories with their master as they say: even the demons are subject to us because of your name. On the side of Jesus, He shares this same feelings of excitement but takes it at a new level; a higher level. “Do not rejoice because the spirits are subject to you but rejoice because your names are written in heaven.”
Jesus tells His disciples not to take joy in their own success; he tells them that what they have accomplished did not flow from their own competence, but from a power of God. They should be glad, not because they have been successful, but because they are citizens of the Kingdom of God. This message applies to us as well. As Christians we must be very careful with success. We must be very careful when things go well in our lives.  Jesus calls us to always remember that with success comes the danger of pride.
What we must practice is a continual rejoicing in the things God has done for us whether we experience success or not.  As Christians, our names have been written down in heaven. And we can rejoice in the Lord regardless of the circumstances around us. We can rejoice because we are God’s instruments. We cannot be successful on our own; it is only with and through Jesus that we can accomplish great things. Jesus says it himself in John 15:5: “apart from me you can do nothing.”

It’s God’s gracious will to give success to the humble. And our blessedness comes not from what we are able to do but from the fact that we have been chosen as the instruments for God to do his work, and to make his Kingdom a reality here on earth. No matter how successful we might be, our hearts should always have an attitude of thanksgiving! An attitude of gratitude to God.